The cycle of infection is primarily found in herbivores (e.g., cattle, sheep, goats) infected after contact with soil contaminated with spores. This disease is still enzootic in most countries in Africa and Asia and occurs sporadically in Europe, the American continent and Australia. anthracis.Īnthrax is an important worldwide zoonosis caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is transmitted among soil, wildlife, livestock and humans. Taken together, the results indicate that the newly developed multiplex PCR is a sensitive and practical method for detecting B. anthracis and its genetically related strains from other B. cereus strains isolated from outbreaks of hospital infections in Japan, and field strains isolated in Zambia, and the assay differentiated B. The assay was also applied for detection of clinical strains genetically related to B. The internal control primers also detected all bacterial and mammalian DNAs examined, indicating the practical applicability of this assay as it enables monitoring of appropriate amplification. anthracis DNA per PCR reaction and was sensitive to B. The multiplex PCR detected approximately 3.0 CFU of B. anthracis-like strains, two virulent plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, a bacterial gene, 16S rRNA gene, and a mammalian gene, actin-beta gene, were designed. Six sets of primers targeting a chromosome of B. anthracis virulent plasmids and differentiate B. anthracis multiplex PCR that can screen for the presence of B. The close genetic relation of chromosomal backgrounds has led to complexity of molecular-based diagnosis. thuringiensis, both of which are genetically related to B. cereus, which causes severe extra-intestinal infection, as well as the human pathogenic B.
anthracis by using previously reported molecular-based methods because of the emergence of B. However, it has recently become difficult to identify B. anthracis is important for anthrax risk management and control in animal cases to address public health issues. A rapid and sensitive method to detect B. The inconsistent sample was confirmed by sequencing to be consistent with the typing results determined by our method, indicating that Multi-Vision could be a useful tool for HPV detection, especially in resource-limited regions.Anthrax is an important zoonotic disease worldwide that is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming pathogenic bacterium. Further, 105 clinical samples were successfully analyzed using our method with a high concordance rate of 99.05% (104/105) compared to a HPV typing kit. The assay demonstrates high specificity with no cross-reaction among different subtypes under several artificial sample concentrations (from 10 0 to 10 3 copies per reaction) and enables highly sensitive detection of as low as 0.5 copies/μL. Using gold nanoparticle probes (AuNPs) as a color change indicator combined with a Hamming distance 2 coding scheme, 13 high-risk HPVs and two subtypes associated with high-incidence benign lesions were successfully typed by performing six closed-tube PCRs. Herein, we proposed a multiplex visualized closed-tube PCR (Multi-Vision) for HPV typing. However, routine assays based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or DNA-chip hybridization are either incapable of offering detailed subtype information or involve tedious open-tube operations with the risk of cross-contamination from PCR amplicons. Specific and economic methodologies for HPV typing are crucial in cancer diagnosis and further disease control. Cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women, especially in developing countries.
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